Pehea te whiriwhiri i ngā kōpae mō ngā rārangi whakamahi hūānga wāhi?

Ngā Huinga Matua o te Whakamātautau i ngā Kōpae mō ngā Rārangi Whakamātautau Pūkaha

He aha ngā kōpae tātai e hinga ana i te pākaha o ngā wā e whakamāhinga ana?

Ko ngā hononga paerewa e kite ana mātou i runga i aua raina whakaranu waiwai nui, he maha ngā wā ka pakaru, nā te mea kāore he tangata e aro ki te whakamamaetanga o te whakaputanga o aua hononga tere katoa e puta ana i ia meneti, i ia meneti. I te wā ka heke iho te wā huringa ki raro iho i te 30 hēkona pēnei i te nuinga o ngā whakatakotoranga ahuwhenua tika i ēnei rā, kāore e taea e ngā hoahoa kura tawhito te whai. Ka tere ake te hātepe o ngā mata kati, ā, ka tīmata te hē o aua tikanga kati. E ai ki ētahi rangahau ā-rohe, tata ki te 78 ōrau o ngā ngoikoretanga tuatahi, he mea nō te ngenge ā-taumata o ngā rauemi i ētahi wāhi taumaha, kaua ki tētahi momo āhuatanga nui rawa. Mēnā ka āta titiro ki ngā mea e tupu ana i te wā e mahi tonu ana, ka kitea e toru ngā raruraru matua e hiahia ana ngā kaiwhakanao kia āwangawanga. Tuatahi, ko aua hiri pūngāwerewere ka tere ake te 40% te heke iho ina whakaekea ki ngā huringa pāmahana pūmau. Ka ngaro hoki ngā puna whakarewa i tō rātou taumaha i muri i te haere i roto i te āhua o te 50 mano huringa hononga. Hei whakamutunga, ko ngā aho e hono ana ngā wāhanga, ka taka te wā ki ngā paerewa ISO 14125. Ko tēnei katoa ka arahi ki ngā wā kore utu, e kore e tūmanakohia, e utu ana i ngā pāmu 15 haora ia marama ia raina whakaminenga, me ngā tukunga o te pūnaha whakainu e whakaraerae ana i te 200 mano taranata wai ia tau, i te toharite ia pāmahana. Mō ngā wāhi e mahi ana i ngā whakaritenga huringa tiketike, he hiahia nui ki ngā hononga pai ake i hangaia ki ngā konganuku ngoikore, ngā āhua polymer kaha ake, me te whakamātautau tika puta noa i tō rātou oranga katoa i mua i te whakatūnga.

Te whakamārama i te Hāngai o te Whakamātautau, te Rōpū Mahi, me ngā Whāinga Whakamātautau ISO 14692

Ko te whiwhi hua pai mai i ngā hononga, ko te kimi i te toenga tika i waenganui i ētahi āhuatanga matua: te āhuatanga ratonga (SF), te maha o ngā wā e whakamahia ana (waahanga mahi), me te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa ISO 14692. Ko te āhuatanga ratonga he tau e whakaatu ana i ngā pānga kāore i tūmanakohia i roto i te pūnaha. Mō ngā whakatakotoranga whakamakuku e piki ana ngā papu, e tūpato ana rānei ngā piha, me neke atu i te 1.5 tēnei tau kia pai ai te whakahaere i aua pānga. I te wā e neke atu ana i te 70% te wā e rere ana ngā pūnaha, ka tino hira te kōwhiringa rauemi nā te mea ka nui ake te wera. Ka tīmata ngā hononga HDPE ki te ngaro i te toru o ō rātou kaha ina eke ngā pāmahana ki te 140 degrees Fahrenheit i roto i te hau huri noa. Ko tētahi atu mea nui ko te haere i te whakamātautau ISO 14692. Ka whakapumautia e tēnei tirotiro motuhake mēnā ka taea e ngā rauemi te tu atu ki ngā matū e kitea nuitia ana i roto i ngā tongi me ngā rongoā pākeke, me te kore e pakaru i raro i te pēhanga i te wā. E whakaatu ana te wheako ā-rohe he mea nui ēnei paerewa ki te pupuri i ngā pūnaha kia pai te mahi i te wā roa.

Ko te whakamānganga i tēnei āhua anō he whānanga o te whānanga o te hāngā—ka rere mai te hāngā o te kōpae i te SF 2.0, engari kāore i taea te whakamāhinga i te wā o te whakamāhinga, ka rere mai i te toru ngā wā ake i te whakamāhinga tonu. Ko ngā kōpae ISO 14692 e whakamātua ana he 92% te whakamārama i te whakamāhinga i ngā 100,000 whakamāhinga i ngā whakamātautau whakamāhinga o ngā hua whakamāhinga mātātoko.

Te whakamāhinga o te rerekētanga o ngā whakamāhinga: He whānanga matua o te whakamāhinga o te kōpae

Te whakamāhinga o ngā whakamāhinga āhua, āhua rārangi, me ngā whakamāhinga āhua tāwhai i ngā taupua o ngā whakamāhinga o ngā rākau

Me mahi ngā huihui o ngā kōpaki whakawai i ēnei rā ki ngā raruraru e toru ngā aronga, nā te mea ka mahi ngā pūnaha kawe i raro i ngā kawenga auau, ā, ka puta ngā huringa whakawhānui wera. Ina tutaki ngā pou i ngā koki kāore e ōrite, ka whiwhi tatou i te hē o te koki i waenganui i te 1 ki te 3 nekehanga. Ka puta te whakarerekētanga ōrite ina rere ngā aho i te taha o tētahi, engari kāore i te tika te pokapū. Ko te nekehanga o te tuaka he 0.5 ki te 2 mm te rahi, ā, ka āwhina ki te utu i te roa o te pou i puta mai i ngā huringa pāmahana, i ngā pikinga pēhanga ohorere rānei. Mō ngā pūnaha whakainu pūkaha, ka taea e ngā putorino PVC pakeke te whakawhānui i te 3.2 mm ia mita ina he rerekētanga pāmahana 30 nekehanga Celsius e ai ki ngā paerewa ASTM D1784. Ko te tikanga o tēnei me whakahaere e ngā hononga te neke o te 1.5 mm o te nekehanga tuaka me te 2 nekehanga o te nekehanga koki kia kore ai e ngenge ngā hononga i te wā. I te mea he maha ngā wiki e kore ai e mutu te whakahaere i ēnei pūnaha, ka rapu ngā kaiwhakanao i ngā rauemi thermoplastic e mahara ana ki tō rātou āhua i muri i ngā mano o ngā huringa taumaha me te kore e ngaro te pūmautanga hanganga, e whanake rānei i ngā whakaraeraetanga tūturu.

Te pūrākau o te ‘Kore o ngā Whakamāngō’: He aha ngā whakamāngō kaha rawa o ngā kōpae huinga i piki ake i te whāia o te pakaru (Ngā whakaahua mai i ASAE EP470.3)

I te whakamātau i te whakakorenga i ngā wāhi katoa o te rerekētanga o ngā huinga, he rerekē tonu ngā raru e puta mai ana i ngā whakamātautau ā-hāpūpū i te nuinga o ngā whakamāhi i te ao tāwhai. I runga i ngā whakamātautau o ASAE EP470.3, ko ngā huinga mātātoko e whakamāhi ana i te rerekētanga āngārā o raro i te 0.1 degree e rere ake ana ngā whakamāhi i ngā huinga mātātoko mātātoko ā-whānui e whakamāhi ana i te rerekētanga āngārā i waenganui i te 1.5 ki te 2 degrees i ngā pūnaha waiwhakaora—ā, e toru ngā whakamāhi ake. Ko te mea e noho ana i tēnei he māmā tonu. Ko ngā huinga tino pūmau nei e tuku ana i ngā whakamātautau katoa ki ngā pākete me ngā kōpae i wāhi i rātou, kāore i te whakamāhi i ngā whakamātautau kia tika. Ko ngā rōpū whakamāhi e whakamōhiotia ana i ngā utu whakamāhi e 45% ake i ngā whakamāhi i ngā rerekētanga tāwhai, i runga i te Ripoata Tāwhai Waiwhakaora 2024. Ko ngā mātātoko i te ao tāwhai e whakawhitinga ana i te whakamāhi i ētahi wāhi whakamāhi i te wā o te whakamāhi. Whakamāhi ngā taputapu i te rerekētanga o te 0.7 mils i te inhī, engari whakamāhi wāhi mō te rerekētanga āngārā o te 1.5 degrees i te huinga anō. Ko tēnei ara e whakamāhi ana i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i......

Te whānanga o te tōtika, te pākaha, me ngā whakamātau wāhanga o te rere o te wai

Te whakamātautau i te kaha o te whakauru i te tōtika ki ngā whakamātau wāhanga o te rere o te wai

Ko ngā huringa mātua o te pākaha i ngā pūnaha waiwhakaora e tuku ana i te wai i ngā pūrere e whakapāngia ana i ngā tōtika kaha atu i ngā rārangi mahi tino, ā, i ēnei wā e toru ki te rima te nui ake. Ko ēnei huringa pākaha e pakaru mai ana i te tūnga o ngā kōpae i te wā hāngai, i te tīmata me te mutunga mātua o ngā pūmātua, ā, ko ngā whakauru tārua kāore he whakamārama. He hāngai ngā whakauru hei whakamātautau i ēnei wā kaha rawa atu, kāore he whakamātautau i ngā mahi tino. Inā he iti ngā whakauru i tēnei mahi, ka timata ngā rere iti i ngā wā katoa o ngā huringa pākaha. I te wā, ka hāngai ngā raru pērā i te wehe tuatahi o ngā rākau pūnaha, te whakamāua tonu o ngā rākau, me te whakamutunga o te pūnaha i te wā e tōtika ana te kaha o ngā rākau.

I te titiro ki ngā raraunga ā-rohe mai i ngā pūnaha hurihuri aunoa, ka kitea he mea whakamīharo e pā ana ki ngā hononga e kore e tino tere. Tata ki te rua hauwhā o aua pūāhua ka pakaru i roto i te ono marama anake mēnā kua tātaihia to rātau kaha torque mō te mahi tonu. I te wā e pā ana ki te whakahaere i ngā kaha whakawhiti, e hiahia ana mātou ki ngā tauine torque ā-ringa e whai whakaaro ana ki ngā mea pēnei i te pānga o ngā wai ki ngā hanganga, me pēhea te whakaata i ngā ngaru ki te pūnaha, me ngā āhuatanga whakaurunga pūngao o ngā rauemi i te wā. Hei whai hua pai, haere ki ngā hoahoa e pakeke ana ki te huri, engari ka taea tonu te piko ki te taha. Ko ēnei momo whakatakotoranga e āwhina ana ki te hopu i ngā whiu ohorere, me te pupuri i ngā mea katoa kia tika te whakarite, he mea nui ki ngā raina whakaputa pūāhua rere tere e tere haere ana, e puta ai ngā raruraru nui i muri mai.

Te hototahi o ngā rauemi me te whanonga wera i ngā raina whakaminenga putorino ranunga

Te whakaiti i te HDPEWhakakorenga Whakanui Whakawera i roto i nga hononga hononga

I te wā e whai ana i ngā rākau whakamātautau, ko ngā huarahi rerekē o te HDPE me te porowhita kōpū pārāoa e whānui ake i te hōhi, e whai ana i ngā raru matatū ki ngā tāwhai o ngā hononga. Ko te whānuitanga o te HDPE matau (high density polyethylene) he āhua 150 ki te 200 ngā wā o te 10 ki te minus sixth ia hiahiatia Celsius i te whakamātautau tūturu. Ko tēnei he āhua tekau ngā wā o te whānuitanga o te porowhita kōpū pārāoa, ā, he āhua 17 ngā wā o te 10 ki te minus sixth ia hiahiatia. Ko te rerekē o ngā tau whānuitanga e whai ana i te whakamātautau o ngā whakamātautau mātua, e taea ana te tāpiri atu ki te 8 megapascals. I te wā roa, ko tēnei e whakamātau ai ngā tāwhai kia maua ake, ā, e pānui ai i ngā whāinga o ngā rere. Mēnā kāore e whakamātau, ka puta ngā raru nei i te mutunga o te rārangi, ā, ka raru tonu te rākau.

• Ngā āhuatanga o ngā tāwhai mātua (ngā āhuatanga o ngā tāwhai o ngā pūrere / ngā tāwhai kōrero) e whakamātau ana i ngā nekehanga āhua / āhua kia mau tonu te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau
• Ngā rākau whakamātautau hōhi (ngā whakamātautau kōpū kōpū kōpū) e whakamātau ana i ngā tāwhai kia iti ai ngā rerekē o te ΔT
• Ngā tāwhai hītori me ngā tāwhai o ngā kōpū kōpū e whakamātau ana i ngā wāhi whānuitanga i waenganui i ngā rākau

Me whakamātua ngā whakamāhinga nei e ngā hinengari kia kaha te hono o ngā wāhi hono, kia iti ake ngā utu whakamātautau i ngā taupāpaku whakamātautau pūmau i rō i ngā wāhi e tāwhai ana i te huringa hāngā i te hāngā i te 35°C i ia rā. Mēnā kāore he whakamāhinga i ngā rereke o te whānanga, ka poto ake te wā tonu o te whakamātautau o ngā wāhi hono o te 40% i ngā rorohiko o ngā rorohiko ā-huinga.

FAQ

He aha ngā take i riro ai ngā wāhi hono tātai i te pākaha o ngā wā hono tonu?

Ko ngā wāhi hono tātai he rite ki te riro i te pākaha o ngā wā hono tata, ā, ko ngā rereke o te whakamātautau i te wā hono tata i ngā wā hono o ngā mahi ā-pākaha o te whānanga, ā, ko ngā rereke o te whakamātautau i te wā hono tata i ngā wā hono o ngā mahi ā-pākaha o te whānanga.

He aha te tau whakamātautau pai mō ngā rorohiko whakamātautau ā-pākaha?

Ko te tau whakamātautau pai me nui ake i te 1.5 kia whakamātautau i ngā pākaha me ngā pākaha e rite ana i ēnei rorohiko.

He aha ngā pānga o te rereke o ngā wāhi hono ki te whakamātautau o ngā wāhi hono?

Ko te rereke o ngā wāhi hono he take o te rereke o ngā wāhi hono, nō reira me whakamāhinga ngā wāhi hono ki ngā rereke o te āhua, o te whānanga, me ngā rereke o te tāwhai kia tūmāia me te whakamātautau i ngā taupāpaku pūmau.

He aha ngā raru mai i te rereke o te whānanga o te HDPE–stainless steel?

Ko ngā rere o te whānanga o te HDPE me te hinu mātā, e rere ana i ngā wāhi o ngā hononga, e hāngai ana ki te whakamātau o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau, ā, ko ngā rere o ngā whakamātau,......