He aha ngā pouaka tāwhai e taea ana te whakamāhi i te hōtaka whakawhitinga wai?

Ngā Hākinakina Matua o ngā Pūkeko Tāwhai mō ngā Rārangi Pūkoro Wāhi

Te Whakamātautau o te Hiko: Te Whakamātautau i ngā Whakauru 24 VDC, 24 VAC, me ngā 120 VAC ki te Āhua Whakamātautau

I te whiriwhiri i tēnei pou kōpae, he maha ngā take e pā ana ki te whakamātau i te āhua o te hiko whakauru. Ko ngā whiringa ko ngā 24 VDC, ngā 24 VAC, i rātou hoki ngā 120 VAC, me whakamātau kia tāwhai ngā whiringa nei i te whakamātautau o ngā rākau whakamārama. Mēnā kāore he whakamātau i waenganui i ngā hāngā e hiahiatia ana me ngā hāngā e whakamahinga ana, ka tīmata ngā raruraru. Ka rere ngā whakawhitinga i waenganui i ngā hāngā pērā i ngā vālū o te hiko, ngā rēle, me ngā PLC (programmable logic controllers) e whakamahinga ana i tēnei wā, ā, nā reira ka mutu ngā rākau whakamārama i ngā wā e kore rawa he mutunga. Whakamārama: ko te nuinga o ngā whakamātautau 24 VDC e pai ana hei hiko mō ngā rākau iti i te whenua pērā i ngā kaitiaki maha me ngā vālū iti. I te wā anō, ko ngā rākau 120 VAC nui ake nei e whakamahinga ana i ngā mahi pūmau pērā i te whakamāmā i ngā pampi me te whakamārama i ngā mota. Ko ngā kaiwhakamahi mātauranga e rapu ana i ngā kōpae e whai ana i te whakamātautau hiko tika, he mea e whai ana i te whakamātautau o te hiko i te 10% i ngā taha e rua. He aha te take? Nā te kāore i tēnei āhua, ka rere ngā kōpae o ngā vālū i te wā, ā, ka whakamārama ngā PLC i ngā hāngā hāngā i ngā wā katoa. Ko tēnei āhua o te whakamārama he rerekē tonu i ngā wā roa o ngā rākau whakamārama i ngā wā e kore rawa ngā āhuatanga o te rākau hiko.

Te whakamātautau i te wāhi: Ngā whakamātautau IP66–IP68 me ngā kōhanga polycarbonate e whakamātua ana i te UV

Ka aro atu ngā pouaka pourewa ki ētahi āhuatanga tino uaua i waho. Ka pupuhi mai ngā hau puehu, ka whakamakuku ngā taputapu i ngā raumati, ā, ka pāngia ngā rauemi e te UV. Koinei te take e hiahia ana mātou ki te tiaki i ēnei pūnaha. Ka taea e ngā whare kua whakatauria IP66 te whakahaere i te wera wai kaha, me te pupuri i te puehu ki waho. Ko ngā tauira IP68 ka haere ake, ka tū ki te ruku i raro i te wai, tata ki te mita te hohonu mō te hawhe haora. He mea nui tēnei i ngā wāhi e kaha ana ki te waipuke, i ngā wāhi rānei e whai tikanga ana te horoi i te wā katoa. Engari tatari, he tahi atu wahi o te papanga. Ka mahi tika ēnei tohu IP mēnā ka whakakotahihia ki te whare polycarbonate whakapūmau UV. Kāore e taea e ngā wāhanga kirihou noa te tapahi i te wā. Ko nga kirihou ABS noa iho ka huri ki te kowhai, ka pakaru, ka pakaru ranei i muri i nga tau maha i te ra. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau ā-rohe ka whakaitihia e te whakamahi i tēnei huinga tika ngā hiahia whakakapi ohorere e tata ana ki te 40%. He aha te hua? He mahi pono ake, he roa ake hoki te roa o ngā taputapu puta noa i ngā rohe āhuarangi rerekē mai i ngā koraha maroke ki ngā rohe hauhautanga me ngā rohe maunga.

Te Whakamahinga o te Whakamātautau: Ngā Pūtāhi Tāwhai ā-Tāngata me ngā Pūtāhi Tāwhai ā-Huinga mō te Whakamātautau ā-Whānui

Ko ngā whakamātautau o ngā pou tāwhai āhua rerekē i ngā whakamātautau o ngā pou tāwhai kōpū, i tēnei wā e whakamāhi ana i te roa o ngā pūnaha i te wā, me ngā hāngai o ngā pūnaha i ngā wā e whai mai ana. I ngā whakamātautau āhua, he wāhanga āhua ngā wāhanga o te pou tāwhai, ā, he rite ki ngā wāhanga e tāwhai ana i te whakamāhi. Ka taea e ngā kaimahi te whakamahi i ngā kōhao, te whakakapi i ngā PLC, i ngā wāhanga I/O hou, kāore he hāngai kia whakakīkī i te pou tāwhai katoa. He whāinga tēnei mō ngā rōpū o ngā pou tāwhai e whanake ana. I tēnei anō, mēnā he raru, ka taea e ngā kaimahi te whakamāhi i tēnei wāhanga anake, ā, ka noho tonu ngā wāhanga katoa i tō rātou mahi. Ko ngā pou tāwhai kōpū, he whakamātautau kōpū i ngā pūnaha katoa i tēnei pou tāwhai kōpū. Āe, he iti ake ngā utu tuatahi, he iti ake hoki ngā rārangi pūnaha, engari he aha te take i te rere o ngā pūnaha? I te nuinga o ngā wā, ka whakakīkī ngā kaiwhakamahi i te pou tāwhai katoa, i te wā anō rānei ka whakamāhi i ngā utu taupua hei whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha kōpū. I ngā pāmu i te motu katoa, kātahi ka kitea ai he whakamāhi i te āhua o ngā pou tāwhai, he 40% te iti ake o ngā utu whakamāhi i ngā pou tāwhai kōpū. He nui ngā whāinga i tēnei i ngā wā e whai ana ngā pāmu kia whakamāhi i ō rātou whakamātautau, kia whakamāhi i ngā wāhi e hāngai ana i ngā rere rerekē o te wai, i ngā whakamātautau hou o te whakamāhi i te wai. Ko ngā kaiwhakarato i ngā taputapu āhua, he pai ake ngā whāinga o rātou hei whakamāhi i ngā kiritaki i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whanaketanga. Ko ngā wharepūtea hoki o rātou he māmā ake te whakamāhi, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia whakamāhi i ngā pūnaha katoa, kāore he hāngai kia wh......

Ngā Tīpākonga Whakamātau Ārai Hauāngā me ngā Tauwhitinga mō te Whakamahi i ngā Pūmahara o ngā Tāwhai Wāhi

Te Whakamārama i te Hōhā me ngā Wāhi o ngā Wāhanga mō ngā Kōpae, ngā Rorohiko Whakamātautau, me ngā Kōpae Hōhā

Ko te hōhā he take matua o ngā whakamātau tuatahi o ngā pūmahara o ngā tāwhai wāhi—ā, inā hāere tonu i ngā wāhi iti i raro i ngā kōpae, ngā rorohiko whakamātautau, me ngā kōpae hōhā āki.

• Te wāhi o ngā kōpae wāhi : Whakamahinga i te wāhi ≥25 mm i waenganui i ngā kōpae e rua hei whakarere i te whakauru o ngā pūrere me te hōhā i tēnei wāhi.
• Te wāhi o ngā rorohiko whakamātautau : Whakamātua ngā rorohiko whakamātautau i ngā kōpae hōhā āki ki te whakamārama i ngā rākau hōhā, i ngā wāhi takitahi rānei—kāore e whakamahinga i ngā papa whakamātautau e rua hei whakamārama i te hōhā.
• Te whakamārama i te hōhā o ngā kōpae wāhi 40A+: ngā rērī i tētahi wāhi e tata ana ki ngā ara hau ake, anō hoki ki ngā ara hau kua whakamāhinga, me ngā wāhi e 30% ake te kore he āki i ngā pūkoro o ia, hei tautoko i te whakamāngungu mā te hau. Ina pānui ake ngā hāwai o te wāhi i te 40°C, ko ngā whakamāngungu e whakamārama ana i te NEC: he 20% te whakamāngungu o te uara o te hau e rere ana, ā, me whakamāhinga ngā kawhe nui ake, ngā pūkoro nui ake, i tēnei wā, ngā whakamāngungu āwhina—ā, he tino matua tēnei i ngā wāhi i ngā whenua kākāriki, i ngā wāhi e tata ana ki ngā whare pākākā.

Ngā Rāwhiti o ngā Wāhi Rōpū e whakamārama ana i te NFPA 70 (NEC) me te IEC 61439-1

Ko ngā whakamārama i ngā pūnaha haumātauranga e tātai ana i te whakamārama i ngā pūnaha haumātauranga, ehara i te kōrero mō te kounga o ngā kōpae anake—engari ko ngā wāhi rōpū, ngā whakarārānga, me ngā wāhi e uru mai ai. Ko ngā NFPA 70 (Te Ture Haumātauranga o te Nāhinui) me te IEC 61439-1 e whakamārama ana i ngā rāwhiti iti o ngā pūkoro hei whakamārama i te whakamārama i ngā kawhe, i ngā wāhi e whakamāhinga ai ngā wāhanga, me ngā whakamāngungu hāwai:

I te wā e whai ana i ngā pouaka hōu, he pouaka tūturu motuhake te hāngā o te pouaka, ā, e toru tekau mā rua ngā kawhe 14 AWG me ngā rērē 20A ā-taumata e toru, e hiahiatia ana ngā 1,200 cm³ (kōmara) i runga i ngā whakamārama o te NEC. Heoi anō, he pūrākau hoki te tirohanga ki ngā whakamārama o te IEC 61439-1, i reira he 1,500 cm³ (kōmara) tonu te wāhi e hiahiatia ana, nā ngā whakamārama mātāmātā ake mō ngā wāhi uru mai me te wāhi i waenganui i ngā kawhe. Kāore he whakaaetanga o tēnei āhua o ngā whakamārama ā-tuarua hei mea kua whakamāmātia, he rāhui hoki kia kāore he whakamāmātanga i ngā whakamārama ā-tuarua. He nui ake te uara o ngā whakamātautau i te ao pūnaha i tēnei wā i te whakamāmātanga anō i ngā whakamārama i te pepa anake. Mā te kore o tēnei whakamātautau ā-taumata, he raru tonu te whakamāhinga i muri i te whakamahinga, ā, he raru anō tēnei i te haumātua, ā, he raru anō tēnei i te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamāmātanga o te whakamā......

Ngā Whakamārama me ngā Whakamāmātanga ā-Tāwhai mō te Whakawhitinga i te Ao

Ngā Whakamāmātanga ā-Tīma: UL 508A, CSA C22.2 No. 14, me te Tohu CE

Ko te whakawhitinga i ngā pouaka o ngā tūranga wāhi hauāwhi ki te ao katoa he nui ake i te mahi i ngā kōpae anō ā nei. Ko ngā whakamātautau pono he rite tonu te hiranga ki ngā kōpae mō te whakamārama. Kāore ngā whakamārama pērā i UL 508A i te Tāwāhi, CSA C22.2 No. 14 i Kanata, me te Tohu CE i Eropi kē i te mea kāore he whakaaetanga. I tēnei āhua o ngā whakamārama ka whakamātua pea ngā taputapu mō te haumātautau, mō te whai i ngā taumaha o ngā taiao pākore (ko ēnei ngā whakamārama IP), mō te whai i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau o te UV, me te kore e whakamātautau i te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau o......

FAQ

He aha ngā whakauru hiko tūmataiti mō ngā pouaka tāwhai?

Ko ngā pouaka tāwhai he rite ki te whakamātautau i ngā whakauru hiko 24 VDC, 24 VAC, me ngā whakauru hiko 120 VAC, ā, he rite ki te whakamātautau o te rākau whakamātautau.

He aha te hiranga o ngā whakamātautau IP66 me IP68 mō ngā pouaka tāwhai?

Ko ngā whakamātautau IP66 me IP68 he tohu i te pānga o te pouaka ki te whakamātautau i te wai kaha me te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te wai, ā, he mea matua i ngā āhua taiao pāpaku.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā pouaka tāwhai āhua āhua me ngā pouaka tāwhai kōpū?

Ko ngā pouaka āhua āhua e whakaaetia ana te whakamātau i ngā wāhanga me te whakapānui, i te wā i whakamātautau ai ngā pouaka kōpū he pouaka kīkā, ā, he uaua ake te whakapānui.