Ko ēhea pūhiko hiko e ŋā ia mō te tāpuranga pou mārama ara?

Te Tōtika Tinana: Te Whakakotahi i ngā Pouaka Hikohea ki ngā Momo Turanga Pou me ngā Kōpae

Ngā Paerewa Whakaputa mō ngā Turanga Pou Karu-Karutia ki te Karu-Karutia Taraiwa

Ina tāpiripiri ana i ngā turanga pou mātai karuwha, me whakakōtahi ki ngā papa here kore-mātai noa rānei, nā te mea ka tīmata ai ngā raru ki te korero karuwha. Mā te pou hiko kōwhiti hiko anō, ko ngā taputapu mata kiri-ūnua te pai rawa atu ki ērā aitua e pā ana ki te hanganga e hāngai mai ana i te wā ki te wā. Ka tino poto ake te ora o ngā taputapu mēnā he rerekē ngā waeine. Āna nei ngā tau e tautoko ana i tēnei āhuatanga—i tētahi rangahau hou ake i te 2023 mō te kaha o te hanganga, i kitea ai ko ngā hononga e kore nei e ū, ka huritau ake ngā raru pakari-koretanga o te metara, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te pauna umanga ki te 37% i ngā wāhi e mōhiotia ana mō ngā hau kaha. Kia mahi tonu ngā mea katoa i ngā wā katoa, me whai whakaaro ngā kaihāpai ki te whakamahi i ngā paparinga kikoi mō ngā pou karuwha, ā, me tino whakarite kia ōrite ngā pāpā kōwhiti ki ērā taputapu tohua mo ngā rū whenua. Kātahi ka taea te pupuri i ngā hononga takotoranga pai ake ahakoa e huri haere ana ngā wero wero i te rā ki te rā.

Ngā Tono IP65+ me NEMA 4X: Te Whakarite Mātau Taumata mo te Tīkanga Putea Hiko

Ko ngā pouaka hiko e kore nei e whiua e te painga IP65, te NEMA 4X rānei e tino taea ana te wātea mai i te pātiki, ngā paraihe pūpahi, me te karuwha tau. E toru ēnei mea e hāngai ana ki te haurua o ngā raru katoa mō ngā pūnaha hiko taiao, e ai ki ngā raraunga tūponotanga a te tau ki muri. Ko te painga IP65 hei kupu mō te taea hoki i te wai e tū mai ana i te nōhi tāpoka i tētahi āhuatanga, ā, ko ngā tiaki NEMA 4X hei ārai i ngā mea pērā i te karuwha ara me ētahi atu mea kītohe. Me mahi tonu hoki te nuinga o ngā pouaka whakaaetia i roto i tētahi tauwāhanga whānui o tekau-mā-rima nekeneke mai i te minus 40 degrees Celsius tae noa ki te 75 degrees Celsius. Ina tāpiripiri ana i ngā rama ara, i ērā atu pūnaha rāwekenga tūmatanui rānei, he mea whai hua kē atu te whiriwhiri i ngā tauira kei te tāpokapoka arai, tērā iho i ngā arai matua takitahi, tāpirihia anō ko ngā kātata hangaia ki te polycarbonate e manawarite ana i te UV. Ko te takotoranga kotahi tēnei e ora ai mō te 15 tau i mua i te hia kia whakakapi, ka penapena hau moni mō ngā tahumaero tāone i te wā roa.

Whakarahinga Mātai: Te Tātai i te Mātai ake o te Pūpahi Hiko mō ngā Tīwai Whetū LED

Tātai Uara mō ngā Tukutuku Rama 4–12 (150W–600W Katoa)

He mea nui te tika o ngā tātai uara kia kaua ai ngā rama huarahi LED e pāwhara ana i ngā ara hiko. Tirohia tētahi whakaurunga matua: e whā ngā rama, 150 wati te rahi o ia, arānei ka 600 wati te tapeke o te hiko e tangohia ana. Mā te whakarahi ake ki te tekau mā rua ngā rama ka tae mai ki te 1.8 miriona wati te hiko. Ko te uara ampera e rere ana i roto i ēnei punaha he nuinga atu i te aha te tohatoha hiko (e hāngai ana mātou i runga i te 120 vōta, te 277 vōta rānei) tāpirihia ko te āhuatanga hiko e mātai ana e te 0.9 mō te nuinga o ngā whakaurunga LED hōu. Me mahi tātai māmā mō te tauira 600 wati e whakahaere ana i te ratonga 120 vōta. Wehea ngā 600 wati ki te tohatoha hiko me te āhuatanga hiko (arā, 120 × 0.9) ka tū ake te 5.5 ampera e rere ana i roto i te kawhe. Engari ko ngā kaimahi mātau e tāpiri ana i tētahi tāpiritanga 25% hei ārai i ngā pikinga tohatoha kore mōhio, i ngā ngaro uara rānei kei roto i ngā kaituku anō. Ka piki ake tēnei uara ki te 7 ampera. Ina heke ana ki ngā pou nui ake e hiahiatia ana he nui ake i te 600 wati, he pai ake te wehe i te uara hiko ki waenganui i ētahi taputapu pāpā hiko rerekē kaua ko te tāpiri katoa ki tētahi anake pāneta pāmu. Ka ārai tēnei i ngā pikinga kore e hiahiatia ana ina tīmata ana ētahi taputapu tahi wā i ngā wā taumata.

Ngā Arataki mō te Rahi o ngā Fūhi e hāngai ana ki te NEC Article 430.52 me te Whakakaha i muri i te Utu Maimoatia

Me arataki tika ngā tikanga NEC i te whiriwhiri fūhi:

1. Ture Mō Te Uara Maimoatia : E hāngai ana ki te NEC 210.20, ko ngā rama e mahi ana >3 haora e hiahiatia ana ngā fūhi kua whakarārangitia ki te 125% o te uara kua tātaihia. Mō te 6.95A, te itinga = 8.69A.
2. Rahi Standata : Hīkina ki te uara standata panoni – 10A – kia āhua ai ngā piki ake i te timatanga, engari kia tiaki i ngā kaiarahi 14 AWG (uara 15A).
3. Whakakaha i muri i te Taura Tangata : I ngā wāhi e pānuitia ake nei i te 40°C, whakamahia te hekenga uara o 15–20% e hāngai ana ki te Tūtohi NEC 310.15(B)(1).

Kaua e piki ake i te 80% o te mōhini o te pouaka fusea kia tiakina ai te haumārui whakapaku. Whakamātau i te ōrite ki ngā taputapu tiaki tūpono tōpiko kia kore ai e raru i ngā wherawhera.

Whakaurunga Tiaki: Te whakauru i ngā Fusea, Ngā Kītohi, me te Tiaki Tūpono ki roto i tētahi Pouaka Fusea

Ko te whakakaha i ngā pūkai, ngā kaitiaki ara, me ērā atu Kaitiaki Tau Mātau (SPDs) katoa ki roto i tētahi poupō whakapumautia e nui ake ana te whakapono ā-arahanga me te whakamāmae ake i te tiaki muri ake. Kei te pai te mahi a ngā pūkai ki te tiaki i ia ara rama mai i te hiko tino nui, ka arataki kia noho haumaru te mātai, ka tiaki i ērā kaituku LED tāpiri tāpiri kua tāpirihia e mātou. Mō te ara hiko matua e hoki mai ana ki te punaha, kei te pai ake ngā kaitiaki ara i ngā pūkai noa iho nā te mea ka taea te whakarewa anō i muri i te takotoranga poto, engari kāore he hiahia ki te whakakapi tonu. Ka iti noa te wā e kore ai te punaha e mahi ana ina hekenga ana tētahi mea. Kātahi ka taea e ngā SPDs te whakahaere i ngā tūmomo nui mai i ngā patunga marino, i ngā mōhio hiko rerekē rānei. Hei tikanga, ko ēnei tūmomo ka whakaputangia te nuinga o ngā hekenga mātau e kitea ana i ngā LED. Ina mahi tahi ngā mea katoa tika, ka whakahaerehia e ngā SPDs ngā tau mātau i mua, kātahi ka uru ngā pūkai mō ngā wehi roa ake, ā, kātahi ka tīpene ngā kaitiaki ina hekenga nui ana. Ko tēnei tikanga takitahi ka whakāe kia iti ake ngā tīpene hē, ka pakari ake ngā hekenga kia kaua e pāngia te punaha katoa. Anō hoki, ko te whakauru katoa i tēnei tiaki ki tētahi wāhi kotahi ka tapa wāhi, ka whakamāmae ake i te mātai, ā, ka āwhina hoki ki te ū ki ngā herekore NEC e pā ana ki te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea arataki. E tīmata ana ētahi tāone kia here ana i tēnei momo tautuhinga kotahi nā te mea ka penapena moni i ngā karanga ratonga, ā, ka piki ake te roa o ngā rātori huarahi i mua i te hiahia ki te whakakapi.

Ngā Mea Matua mō te Arataki: NEC, Ngā Pakanga Takiwā, me ngā Wherawhera mō ngā Pūtau Hiko

NEC 410.36(B) & 225.39(D): Ngā Whekenga Whakamutunga me ngā Ture Māka i te Teitei

Me whakatutuki ngā pūtau hiko mō te whakamārama ā-moutere i ngā here herenga me te haumāta whakauru. E whakaae ana te NEC Panui 410.36(B) kia wāia ngā whekenga pū ki tirohanga o ngā rama, i te wā e mana tā 225.39(D) te māka i waenganui i te 1.8m ki te 2.3m hei ārai i te urupare kore-whakaorotia. Ko te arataki e rua ngā paparanga:

1. Ngā ture matua a NEC : Me mātua tohua ngā whekenga mō te 125% o ngā utu LED mā te roa, me te whai i te pātuhi NEMA 4X kia mātua parewa ki te korero.
2. Ngā whanonga takiwā : Ko ngā rohe takutai e tohu ana i ngā taputapu mata-kiri-parahuka; ko ngā rohe marangai ka tohua ai te pātuhi kīanga kore-powhara.

Ko ngā whakaurunga kore-mōhiotia e hāngai ana ki te 40% o ngā ahi mātātoko ā-hapori (NFPA 2023). Ko ngā tiwhikete taha-toru—pērā i UL me IEC 61439-3—e whakamāoritia ai te kaha here ki te parirau me te kounga hanganga. Tiakina kia 75 cm te wāhi mua kore-awanga mō ngā pouaka hiako kia tūhono haumaru, urupare ki te tikanga NEC 110.26.

FAQ

He aha ngā whakaritenga nui mō ngā turuma turuma o te porowhita me te hēki?

Me whakamahi turuma kore-mātai mō ngā turuma porowhita kia kaua ai te korairihi anōmia, ā, ko ngā turuma hēki hiriwaitua e mahi pai ana me ngā taputapu mirihau kia taea ai ngā tahumaero hanganga.

He aha te take e nui ana ngā inenga IP65 me NEMA 4X mō ngā pouaka hiako?

Mā ngā tohu IP65 me NEMA 4X ka whakapūmau ngā pouaka hiko kia māmā te wai, te puehu, me te parahaki, ēnei e hua nui ana ki ngā raru hiko a-waho.

Me pēhea taku tātai i te uara hiko mō ngā rama hiko LED mō ngā huarahi?

Whakauruhia te uara totoro, te volta, me te pūnga herehere hei tātai i te amperage. Me whakauru katoa he putake 25% kia taea ngā putanga koretake o te volta, i te iti ake o te mahi.

Me pēhea ahau e whakarite ai kia arataki ki ngā paerewa NEC ngā rahi o ngā hiko?

Me arataki ngā rahi o ngā hiko ki te Ture 430.52 o NEC; ko ngā rama e mahi ana i te roa ake i te 3 haora me ngā hiko e tohua ana ki te 125% o te uara kua tātaihia. Whakaurua te whakaroa i te wāhi e pā ana ki ngā wāhi e pānuitia ake nei i te 40°C.

He aha te tikanga o te hononga o ngā hiko, ngā tapatoru, me te tiaki i te piki haere o te hiko?

Ko te hononga o ēnei wāhanga e pai ake ai te punaha. Ko ngā hiko e tiaki ana i ngā horapa rama, ko ngā tapatoru e whakahaere ana i ngā horapa poto, ko ngā SPD e whakahaere ana i ngā piki haere o te hiko mai i ngā take taiao.

He aha ngā here whakaaetanga mō ngā pouaka hiko mō ngā rama huarahi?

Me whai pūhiko taraiwa ngā pouaka hiko kia kitea ai te wehe mai i ngā rama, me arataki ki ngā paerewa tū ake. Me mātua whai whakaaro hoki ngā ture NEC me ngā whanonga takiwā mō te haumarutanga me te manawarungaru.