Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i te pouaka hiri i te tika mō te whakamarumaru i ngā pou whakamārama i te huarahi?

Te mārama ki te tuāninga o te pouaka hiri ki te whakamarumaru hiko o ngā pou whakamārama i te huarahi

Ngā tikanga whakamarumaru o ngā horopeta hiko me te tuāninga o te pouaka hiri

Ko te hiahiatia e ngā rāwhara whakapae i te whakamaru i ngā raru hiko, ko te aronga tēnei o ngā pouaka hiko. Ina he nui rawa te hiko e rere ana i te punaha, ka tanu tētahi metara ki roto i te hiko, ka mutū te hiko kaore he whara i te mea i mōhiotia, i te tīmatanga rānei o te ahi. E ai ki ētahi tāpure a te umanga mai i NEMA i te tau 2023, kei te kaha ake te aronga ki te whakaiti i ngā raru hiko e whā tekau mā whitu ki te kaupeka tāpiri atu ki ngā punaha kāore he whakamaru tika. Whai mātāpuna ki ngā huarahi marau o te tāone i te pō ina tāwhai ai ngā tāngata i ā rātou rāwhara hei haere haumaru ki te kāinga i muri i te mahi. Kei te mahi tātaritanga hoki ngā hiko ki konei, ka taea e rātou te kite i ngā wāhi raru ka whakamutu i a rātou anō, kia noho pumau ai te rāwhara ki ngā wāhi katoa. Ko te tikanga he iti ake ngā takiwā pōuri ki ngā tāone, me te whakapai ake i te whirrawa katoa mō te hunga e hiahia ana ki te whakapae tahi.

Me pēhea e ngā pouaka hiko te kuhu ki ngā punaha pou rāwhara i te tāone

Ko te nuinga o ngā rākau whakamānawa i ngā rā o tēnei wā he pātoka ake ki te pito iho o te pou, heke ki roto i ērā anō ngā kōpaka motuhake e tiaki ana i te wai, engari e wātea ana mā ngā kaimahi e whakauru ki te wā e hiahiatia ana. Kei waenganui pea ngā pātoka ake i reira ka tū mai te hiko me te wā e hono ai ngā rākau whakamānawa, e mahi tahi ana ki ngā kaituhi e mōhio ana ki te taumata o te mārama, ngā arataki wā, me ngā taputapu e tiaki ana i ngā pakanga hiko. Ina oti ngā mea katoa, kātahi ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatika te whakatika i ngā raru motuhake mā te kore e whakamutu i te mārama katoa i tētahi takiwā. Ko tēnei he mea nui ina ngā tiriti kaha ki te tāone i ngā wā katoa, i te pō hāngai ka nui te raru ki ngā taraiwa me ngā tāngata e haere ana.

Te Whakawātea ki ngā Tīwae Haumaru Hiko mō ngā Whakaurunga Iriiri

Ko te arataki i ngā tānga o te ao hui tāone, pērā i te IEC 61439-3 me te Kaupeka NEC 410 e whai ana kia kaua ngā pouaka hiriwa e raru i ngā tikanga kaha, kia noho tūturu hoki te āpiti me te tuku i te whakamarumaru tika i te wā e hiahiatia ana. I kitea e te Rōpū Whakamarumaru Ahi o te Motu kua eke kia 4 ki ngā 10 ahi a te tāone i āwhina i ngā whakaritenga kāore i te tāutototia, ko te āhua nei he maha ngā tāone e tono ana i te whakamana tuatoru mō ngā wāhanga hiko. Ko ngā tāone e tū tonu ana ki ēnei aratāu e kite ana i te iti ake i te 30% ngā karanga whakatika tūmatanui i runga i te nuinga o te wā nā te mea e mahi tōtika ana ēnei aratāu ki te hangarau LED o nāianei me ngā rāwekenga whakahaere mātāpuna, e whakarahi ai i te katoa o te aronga ki te wā roa.

Ngā Tūponotanga Haumaru Matua ki te Whakamarumaru Tiriti me Te Whakatinanatanga o te Pouaka Hiriwa

Kei te whai wāhi ngā tautuhinga o te rāwhārangi ki ngā tāone katoa i ngā tūkino hiko nā te nuinga o te wā e noho ana ki waho i te ngāhere me te tāone. Ko ngā mea pērā i te whakapai, te kōtare, me ngā tōtika hiko e āki ai te whakapai ake i ngā kōraro me ngā hononga. Kua kitea e ngā kaiārahi haumaru he maha ngā take i ngā kōraro pakaru i ngā rāwhārangi ā-motu me ngā rāwhārangi tāone ka hua ai te ahi, te patu hiko rānei. Ko te kaukau he pai kia hangaia ngā pouaka hiko ki ngā taputapu whakamātau kia iti ake ngā raru. Me whakakaha ngā pouaka kia herea te āpiti me te wai e ngā tātohu o te umanga (pērā i te rāwekenga IP54), engari i te nuinga o ngā tākunetanga, he hiahia noa ake ki te mea e tautohe ana i te ua me te pāpaku kia kaua e whakaponuhia ngā mea kei roto.

Ngā Tūkino Hiko Tūmatanui ki ngā Rāwhārangi Ā-Motu Kei te Tiriti me ngā Wāhi Tūmatanui

Ko te tusa o te toru whetu o ngā raru hiko katoa kei ngā rāhui mātātoko o ngā tāone e hāngai ana ki ngā kāpua hiko e whakaputua ana me ngā kōhanga wāhanga e marara ana. Mā te nuinga o te wā ka pakaru ngā wāhanga i te huringa o te ua, o te hukapapa, i te pakaru hoki mai i ngā waka e haere tata ana. Ko ngā tūmau whakamāmā tawhito kāore he whakamaru tika i te whenua e whakawātea ai i te raru nui ki ngā tāngata e haere haere ana i ngā tāone. Ko ngā pāpaka hiko hōu ake e whakatika i ngā raru nei ki ngā taumau motukore e āki ai te rāpaki me ngā āhuatanga whakamutu ake i te wā e pakaru ai te whakamāmā i tētahi wāhi o te tūhono. Ko te whakapai ake i ēnei ka whakamāmātia ai ngā huarahi mō te katoa e haere ana i te rā.

Te Whakatōwhera i te Whakauru me te Haumaru: Te Wāhi o te Pūpara Hiko ki ngā Whakawhitinga Āmua

Ko te wāhi e whakaputua ai ngā pouaka hiriwa ka nui te pa ki te whai mahi a ngā kaiwhakamahi me te whakamaru i ngā tāngata kei te tata ki a rātou. Ina tū ngā taputapu nei i raro i te 1.8 mita te teitei, he māmā ake te whakatika, ahakoa me ngā tohu herekai motuhake e whakaatu ana kua whakaroaia rātou, me ngā pāpaku e taea ai te tautohetohe. I te tata, ina whakaputua ki runga ake i te 2.5 mita ka pakaru te ringa tāone ki te karo i ngā tāngata noa, engari he uaua ake te tirohanga whakaterenga me te hiahia ki ngā taputapu motuhake he nui ngā wāhi e korekore ana. Kua kitea e te ahumoni tēnei raru ā, kua āwhina ētahi kamupene ki te whakaputa i ngā whakaeke pai ake i ngā wā pōpō nei. Ko ā rātou whakapai hou ka taea e ngā kaihiko te uru atu ina hiahiatia me te kore e iti ake te pa ki te haumaru, ahakoa he nui ake ngā utu whakauru i ngā tauira tawhito.

Ngā Hoahoa Kāore e Taea te Whakaroa vs. Te Whakauru Whānui: Te Whakatau i te Take Haumaru

Ko ngā pouaka hiriwa tūturu e rua kei te tū ki te wā tākarotia e ētahi āhuatanga mārama. Kei a rātou ngā paparorohiko rāwekenga kua tohua kia wātea noa ki ngā kaiwhakahaere whai whakaaetanga, me te taha waho i hangaia kia herea te whakauru ki ngā huinga anti-pry e mōhiotia ana e tātou katoa. I whakamahia e ngā tāone tētahi tāparo i te tau 2023 ka kitea he mea hōu i te nekeneke – i te pāpaku hui i te taua o ngā pānuihanga i te rohe i whakamahi i ēnei tauira hōu ake i te tata ki te toru huihui i ngā whakauru ki ngā pouaka tauira tawhito ake. Ā, ānei anō tētahi take pai ake mō ngā kaimahi haumaru: ina pakaru te mea, kāore i te mea tika kia mōhiotia e rātou te whakaputua i te hau ki te whakaiti i te hiko nō te mea kei te taha waho he tāira motuhake mō te whakakotua tere. He tika tēnā, i te mea kāore e hiahia koe kia pakaru tōu taputapu i te wā e pakanga ana koe ki ngā ahi, i te aha rānei kei te pakanga.

Te whakarite i te rahi me ngā here ara mō te pai o te mahi a te pouaka hiriwa

Te whakatau i te maha o ngā ara me te kaha o te hiriwa mō ngā pouaka maha-ara

Ko te tīmata i te kōtaha o te pou pāmahara te nuinga o ngā rārangi rāhui e whā e 150 watt LED rāhui hei tauira ka tango i te 600 watt katoa, nō reira me whakauru te whakauru i te nuinga ake i taua rahi. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga hiko ka whakapono ki te katoa ka pātai ko te whakauru i te 20% atu anō hoki. Ko te tikanga ko te haere ki te 720 watt pou pāmahara ina hāngai ana ki te pūnaha 600 watt i te mea ko ngā whakauru hiko o te tāone e rereke ana tino i te wā katoa. Ina e ono neke atu rānei ngā rāhui ki runga i te kotahi pou, ka pīroiroi ake ngā mea. I taua wā, ka tīmata ki te whakauru i ngā ara tukatuka tāpiri hei whakaiti i te pāmahara i ngā wā e whakamahia ana te tino.

Te whakautu i ngā rāwekenga pou pāmahara ki ngā here o te kaha ki ngā tāone hiko hiko

Ko ngā taputapu LED hou e whakamahi ana i te 30 ki te 50% teitei ake i te rere o mua ki te tōaitanga o ngā rārangi HID. Engari kei te tāngata he mea e āki ai i konei. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere mātāpuna i ētahi wā e hanga ana i te whakapōkai i te tōaitanga e pāngia ana e IEC 61000-3-2 mai i te tau ki muri. I te whakahaere i ngā whakaranu hua, ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakarewa hiko e toa ana kia whakamahia ngā kaiwhakarewa tākarotia e rua e āki ana i te 125% o te tōaitanga e tiaki ana. Ko ēnei e whakapai ake i te whirinakitanga o te wā. Ko ngā wāhi e noho pū ana i te 18 haora ia rā e whai painga ana i ngā whakamātau whakauru. Ko te whakamātau mōhemi e pupuri ai i ngā āhuatanga hiko ki roto i ngā tau e whakaaetia ana (heoi anō ko te 0.8 ki te 1.0). Ko tēnei momo whakahaere e whakapaua ai te ora o ngā kaiwhakarewa engari ko te whirinakitanga o te pūnaha katoa.

Tuhinga o te whakamātau: Te tōaitanga o te hiko i runga i te pātīti kāore i te rahi i tētahi kaupapa tāone

Kua hoki mai i te tau 2022, kua whiriwhiri tētahi tāone motuhake kia whakakapi i ngā rātā hauhake nui kawera kohunutanga 80 ki ngā kiriata LED, ahakoa kua tiakina e rātou ngā 15 amp fuses tuatahi. Kātahi ka hinga te whakapāhunu i ā rātou pouaka fuses, i te tīmatanga noa mai i te ono marama, kua hinga te kauta o te maha o ērā pouaka fuses mai i te mea kua nui ake te inrush current i te tiimata ake ake o ngā rātā LED hou—kei te eke atu pea ki te ruatekau mā whā ngā wā te nui ake i te nuinga o te wā e whakahaerehia ana. I muri i te āta tirotiro, kua mōhio ngā inihua pūkaha ko te take i te raru i te whakakaha hiko kāore i te tōwari. Kāore he kōwhiringa ake i a rātou engari kia whakakapi katoa ki ngā fuses 25 amp slow blow, ā, kua eke ki te $18k te utu mō te kaupapa katoa. Ko tēnei wāhanga utu nui e whakaatu ana i te nuinga o te whai whakaaro me te āta whai mōhio ki ngā kawenga hiko i mua i te huri ki ngā rātā hiko e whakaponoia ana he pai ake mō te taiao. Ko tētahi anake te whakapāhunu iti ka āwhina ki te nuinga o ngā raru moni i muri mai.

Te whiriwhiri i ngā pouaka huihui kāore he tārore i te wā mōrearea ki te whakauru i ngā ara autō

Ko te nuinga o ngā whanaketanga taone i ēnei rā e huri ana ki ngā pouaka huihui takitahi e āki ai i waenganui i te 8 ki te 12 ara, tāpiri atu ko te wāhi hui atu mō ngā whanaketanga anamua. Ka tīmata ki Seattle hei tauira, i reka ai ngā kaihautū taone ngā tauira e whai ana i ngā pūnaha tāpokai DIN-rail. Ko ēnei tautuhinga e whakamāmā ai i te whakauru i ēnei taputapu whakamarumaru huinga e hiahiatia ana e ngā taone i ēnei wā. Ina kōrero ana mātou mo ngā rāwhāra rama rā anō, kua huri katoa te nuinga ki ngā pouaka huihui rua putake i ngā wā kua pahure ake. Ko ngā mea pai ka tāwhai i te 30 amps mō ngā ara rāko, ā, heke ki te 20 amps mō ngā pātīti hiko. Kua noho tātai tēnei tōirua i te ao huihui katoa nō te mea ka āwhina i te whakauru i ngā tāngata pūtea hou, ā, ka whakapono hoki i te āhua o ngā tātai hiko kua wātea ke.

Ngā Pouaka Huihui vs. Ngā Taputapu Whakamarumaru Hou: Ngā RCD, Ngā Pātīti Ara, Me Ngā Whakautu Huinga

Te Whakataurite i ngā Pouaka Hui Tawhito me ngā RCD me ngā Taputapu Motini i te Whakamahinga A-Tirea

Kei te mahi ngā pouaka hui tawhito ki te mawhakatutu i tētahi wira motuhake ina he nui rawa te aratau e eke mai ana, ka arrengia te whakauru haumaru. Ko ngā punaha hou pērā i ngā RCD me ngā taputapu motini ka whakamahi i ētahi atamira hiko hei whakauru rerekē. I ēnei rā, kei te hiahiatia e te nuinga o ngā wāhi ngā RCD nō te mea ka taea e rātou te kite i ngā rere o te waihanga pērā i te 30 milliamp kaore i te taea e ngā hui tawhito. Ko ngā taputapu motini he utu nui ake te utu i te tuatahi engari kei te āwhina hoki i ētahi atu. Ina pakaru kē, ka taea e tētahi te whakakōkiri i tētahi taraka kia hoki mai te mahi kaua ko te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga katoa. Ko tēnei te whakamāmā i te mahi mō ngā kaihiko i te whakahaere i ngā rākau hiko eke hauhautia ana i runga i ngā ara kaua ko te whakatika kia mōhio ki te raru.

Ngā Tōke me ngā Kōraru o ngā Pouaka Hui i te Whakawhanaketanga Hiko Whakawhitinga Ora o ēnei Rā

Ngā Ūnga :

• Kia 40% te iti ake o te utu tāpapa tāpae tērā i ngā paneta taputapu motini
• Kāore he wāhanga e neke ana, e whakaiti ai i ngā raru o te mīhini
• Ko te mahi e whakamāorihia ana i ngā wiri tūtohu, kaua ko te pīroiroi

Ngā hē :

• Me whakakapi i muri i te katoa o ngā hapa, e whakapaua ai te rongoātanga me te wā e uru atu ana
• Ko te iti noa te āhua o te kite i ngā hapa arcahi, i ngā whakapapa hiko ki waho i ngā wiri e pāpaku ana
• Kāore i te tōwari i ngā rārangi whakahaere hiko mātāpuna, i ngā pūnaha whakauru

Nga Pūnaha Huinga: Te Whakauru i ngā Kete Hiko ki ngā Waea Eke Tika Hiko hei Whakapai ake i te Haumaru

Ina tāwhai tātou i ngā pouaka hiriwa tawhito ki te hangarau RCD hou, ka tika pea te whakapono ki te kawenga tuarua kia kaha ai te aukati i ngā raru maha e puta mai ana i te hiko. Ko te whakaaro matua he māmā noa: ka tūhono ngā hiriwa tata ki te whakahaere i ngā take e pā ana ki te hiko e nui ake ana, ā, ko ngā taputapu RCD ko te nuinga o te wā kei te rapu rapu i ngā raru e pā ana ki te whakamātau, me ngā rere hiko kua pakaru pea. Hei tauira, ko te kaupapa hou mai i Norway i te tau ki muri i te whakamatautau i tēnei kaupapa huinga ki tētahi o ō rātou tāone. I kitea e rātou tētahi mea whakamāharahara i reira - he iti noa ngā hinga hiko i mua i te rite ki te kaua nei, he toru kaupeka te iti ake. He aha te mea e āhua pai ai tēnei arataki ki te kātata o te whenua? Ka tūhono te raru ki tētahi pouaka hiriwa motuhake, ka whakahaeretia e te pouaka hiriwa o te takiwā, kia kaua ai te raru e tipu ake. I te wā kotahi, ko ngā taputapu RCD rahi ake kei runga ake i te tūranga e whakakaha ai i ngā raru kia kaua e pā ki te tātātanga o te hiko. Ā, he mea atawhai anō hoki: e whakaae tēnei tikanga ki ngā aratohu IEC 60364-7-714 mō te whai whakamātau i te tāone. Ko te mea pai rawa? Kāore e hiahiatia kia tango i ngā taputapu katoa e ngā kaimahi a-tōke kia whakapai ake i te haumaru. He whakaaetanga māhinga tēnei mēnā ka whakaputua e koe.

Te Whakahaere, Te Ora, me te Haumaru Mōhio o ngā Pūmahara Hiko o waho

Ngā Ukaipo mō te Whakahaere i ngā Pūmahara kua whakaputua ki te āhuarangi me te whakapāhunu

Ko ngā pouaka hiriwa e whakaputangia ana i waho e eke ana ki ngā tikanga whakamāmā katoa i te rā i muri i te rā. Whakaaroa ki te aha ka pakaru mai rātou ki te rā kōtukutuku, te makariri whakamāmā, te wai pāpaku, me ngā irirangi UV whakapāhunu mai i te rā. Katoa ēnei ngā āhuatanga e mahi tahi ana kia pakaru haere te mahi ake o rātou i te wā roa. Ko te noho ki te wai anake ka taea te whakaiti i te pono ki waenganui i te 5-10% ki ngā wā tāone pāpaku e ai ki ētahi whakamātau ā-motu. I te tātaritanga anō i te tau 2023 i whakaatu mai i ētahi mea hoki: tērā pea i te whetu e rua hautoru o ngā hiriwa pakaru kua pakaru i ngā pouaka rāhui i te tāone katoa i hua mai i ngā raru whakarewa. Ko te hau tāmāriki ki ngā tāone tata ki te moana me te ua whakarewa ki ngā tāone whakapakoko ko ngā kaiwhirinaki matua i konei. A, kaua e wareware ki te tangata e whakapāpaku ana ki a rātou. Kua kitea e tātou tēnei e āhua tūrangi ana, ā, he tino paku noa, ki ngā wā tāone paku nui, kei reira pea ngā tamariki, ngā kaiwhara rānei e ngana ana ki te whakapāpaku ki ngā wāhanga hiko. Ko te kauwhau pai ko te huri ki ngā pouaka polycarbonate kaha ake me te whakaratinga IP66 e whai paku rerekētanga ana. Kaua ko ngā pouaka polycarbonate tino pai ake i ngā pouaka ABS hiriwai, e whakaiti ana i te mōhio ki te whakapāpaku katoa mai i te tāngata e waru haurua te rahi o ngā whakamātau a te kaihanga.

O ngā wā ora me ngā mōwehe whakakapi i ngā hiko whakamua i ngā rā whakamahinga

Ko ngā kaihanga hiko e noho ana i te wā e 15 ki te 20 tau ina pērā tonu te āhua, engari ko ērā atu hua e āwhai ana i pēra, pērā i ngā rite ki ngā pouaka tārua kāore i te pai rawa. Ko te takotoranga o te wera me te makariri e hinga ai i ngā wa poto ake, e whakapaku ai i ēnei taputapu i muri i te 5 ki te 7 tau i te nuinga o te wā. Mō ngā whakauru ki ngā tiriti moana kei te hau hāpake e whakataki ai i te pāpaku, he toa hoki te whakakapi i ēnei taputapu ia ono tau. Ko te āhua e rerekē ana i te wā heke ki te tiriti, me te nuinga o ngā wā tāwhai e taea ai te whakaroa i te wā tātari ki heke i waenganui i te 8 ki te 10 tau. Ko ngā kamupene hiko i whakamahia tēnei aronga ki te whakakapi i ngā wā katoa e kite ana i te paku heke mai i te 40% i ngā wehenga hiko i te pō, e whai pānga nui ana ki te whakapumau i te tūhononga me te manawa reka a te kaiwhakamahi i ngā wā pō.

Te aronga hou: Te whakahaere ake i ngā whakapapa e mōhiotia ai ngā ngoikera

Ko ngā pouaka hiriwa e whai ana i te IoT inaianei e whakauru ana i ngā kaiwhakauru arca-hapa me te whakaahua whakarewa kia āwhina i te whakahaere arotake. Ko te arotake i te wā tonu e kite ana i ngā tohu whakatū mua i mua i ngā hinganga:

Kei te hurihia mai i ngā whakaritenga tūturu ki te whakahaere mōhio ki te tikanga e heke i te utu whakamatautau kia $18 ia tau mō ia pou, ā, ka roa ake hoki i te 22% te roa o ngā wā tika (Kaiwhakauru Mātārere Urare 2024), e tohu ana i te whakapai ake nui ki te mahi uaua me te kaha o te punaha.

FAQ

Me pēhea e tiaki ai ngā pouaka hiriwa i ngā punaha mātārere ā-huarahi?

Kei te tiaki i ngā punaha mātārere huarahi ngā pouaka hiriwa ki te māmā i tētahi wae rino hei aukati i te rere haumaru o te kaha, e aukati ana i ngā whara me ngā raru ahi.

He aha ngā tīwittuwha e nui ana mō te haumaru o ngā mātārere huarahi?

Ko te whakaaetanga ki ngā tīwittuwha pērā i te IEC 61439-3 me te NEC Panuku 410 he mea matua hei whakapūmau i te haumaru hiko ki ngā whakauru mātārere i ngā wāhi tūmatanui.

Me pēhea e whakarite ai ngā pouaka hiriwa ā-huinga i ngā mātārere huarahi mō āpōpō?

Ka taea e ngā pouaka hiriwa ā-huinga te whakarahi i te māmā hei whakauru atu i ētahi atu ara, e tōwari ai i ngā whakawhanaketanga āpōpō me te tūhono ki ngā raukaha hou.