Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i tētahi koupera e fit ana ki ngā rahi pīpoi whakapua e rua rānei?

Te mārama ki ngā Matua Take mō ngā Kupuhukapua me te Ōrite ki ngā Rango Ripa Whakapā

He Aha te Kupuhukapua, me Pēhea e Mahi Ana i ngā Puna Whakapā?

I ngā pūnaha whakapau, ko ngā koupene he hononga matua nui e hono ana i ētahi tōpere rua, i ētahi hōhi rānei e kore ai e wātea te wai. Mēnā ka tūhono tika, ka pakari tonu te rere o te wai ki te taha katoa o ngā hononga o te pūnaha. E hia taua momo kei te mātātea inaianei. Ko ngā koupene tōraro e pai ana mō ngā tōpere e ōrite ana te tōpene, ā, ko ngā koupene whakaiti ka whakamahia mō ngā tōpere e mahi tōpene rerekē ana. Mō ngā wāhi e teitei ake ai te pēhanga wai, me whiriwhiri ngā kaiwhakapāmau, ngā koupene pēhanga rānei ngā kaiwhakapaipai. Ka pakari ake ēnei ki te pēhanga. He rāwekenga anō hoki ngā tāpiri paraihe mō ngā tūmau whakapau paku paku. He mea nui te tika o te tāutanga, nā te mea ka taea e ngā hononga kino te whakapai i te arawa o te rere wai, ka heke te pēhanga puta noa i te pūnaha katoa, me ētahi mea e kore e hiahia tētahi—ā, ina ītiki ana te wā whakapau.

Te Take Me Pātata Ai Te Rahi O Te Koupene Ki Te Tōpene O Te Tōpere Kia Pāwera Te Rere Wai

He nui te take o te whiwhinga i te rahi tika o te kōpua e ū ana ki te tāwhai aho me te tāwhai waho o ngā pīpoi kia pai ai te rere. Ina hekeke ngā rahi, hei tauira ka whakaurua tētahi kōpua 1.5 ineti ki tētahi pīpoi e hiahiatia ana kia 1 ineti, ka iti ake te rerenga umangaengae 30% nā ngā wāwāhi pakaru kei waenganui i ngā wāhanga. Ā, ngā pūpono kino? He pāwiri ai ēnei e huaina ana i te wā roa. Whakaarohia ngā pāmu e māmā ana pea i te 6,300 karaihe ia tau mō ia ekeri o te whenua e mahia ana. Mā mua i te tango i ētahi kōpua mai i te arai, me tango i ētahi kāpire rānei, kainei ai anō i ngā pīpoi. Kāore ngā nama tuhia ki a rātou i āhua pono kauhau, nā te mea ko ngā kaihanga e takirua ana i ā rātou ine, e 1 ki te 3 mirimita metro te nuinga o te wā.

Ngā Mātāerau Kōpua Hihiri: PVC, Polyethylene, me Brass i Te Whakarāpopototanga

Ko ngā kōpua whakapua e hangaia ana matua mā PVC, polyethylene, me te brass, ko ia reta e tika ana mō ētahi tikanga motuhake:

• PVC : Māmā me te iti ngā wai (i raro i te $0.50 ia wae), engari he uaua ki te pākiwaitanga mā te hōkio
• Polyethylene : Maroke me te aukati i te ao, tino pai mō ngā punaha runga-whenua e noho ana ki te mārama
• Pūreinga : Tino pakari mō ngā whakamahinga toto kaha (e 200 PSI), ahakoa e rima ngā wā te utu ake i ngā kowhatu paraihe

Ko te Polyethylene te rangatira o te mātai whakapua nā te āhua o te utu ($1.20–$2.75 ia hononga) me te aukati kimikimi, i te wa e pai ai te brass mō ngā whakaurunga kīanga ki ngā oneone korikori.

Mō ngā tautuhinga āhua rerekē, whakamahia he hononga whakaiti kia hono i ngā tiamita rerekē kaua e pakaru te toki.

Te Tātai i ngā Tiamita Roto me waho o te Pīpoi mō te Tauwātanga Tika o te Huinga

1. Huiarangi tūwai : Whakamahia ngā kāpara ki te ine i te wāhi whānui rawa o te pīpoi ki te takotoranga paku ana ki tana roa.
2. Huatau roto : Tāpokitia he tape ine maroke ki roto i te mutunga o te pīpoi ka ine i te wāhi whānui.

Me tāwhai katoa ngā ine ki te 1/16" e pātata ana, ā, me whakaaro hoki ki te toromarotanga o te wera – ka toromaro ake ngā pīpoi PVC e 4% pea i te wera nui.

Tūhuratanga Koorero: Te Hono i ngā Rārangi Totohe o te Rahi Rerekē i ngā Parakirihana Ahumāra

I te tau 2023, i te tāone o California, i iti ake te wai kua pau e 28% te paku noa i muri i te whakaritea i ngā rahi hononga ki runga i ngā rārangi matua o 1.5-inihi me ngā rārangi taha o 1-inihi. I whakamahia e ngā inihini ngā hononga tuarua-karaka ki ngā paraihe hiri mata-paraikete kia kaua ai ngā wai e rere mai i ngā wāhi hono.

Whakapuakitanga Arataki: Ngā Hononga Maroke Mōhio mō ngā Tautauta Pīpoi Kua Whanake

Kei te whakamahi ake haere ngā kainoho i ngā hononga pakaru e uru ana ki ētahi rerekē rahi pīpoi (1" ki te 2") kore he taputapu. Kua iti ake te wā whakauru 40% ngā punaha maroke nei, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē anuanu o ngā rohe whakapua wai i ia wā o te tau.

Ngā Momotuā o ngā Hononga: Karaka, Tiriti, me te Whakapaipai mō te Whakamahi Whakapua Wai

Karaka vs. Tiriti vs. Whakapaipai: Ngā Putanga Pai me ngā Putanga Muhu

Ko ngā kōpae paraihe he kīwai rārangi e pakari ana ki roto o ngā tahumaero, nā reira he mea whai hua mō ngā pūnaha waimoana iti ake ina he tārau te wā i te whakauru. Engari ka mahi motuhake ngā kōpae āwhata, ka toria hoki ki ngā tahumaero kākā, ā, ka pakari ki ngā wāhi e tōtara ana, ahakoa he uaua te whakarite i te āhua tika i te wā kotahi. Ko tētahi atu kōwhiringa ko ngā kōpae totohu—ka totohu i tētahi rīngi iti iti ki waenganui i te kirihou me te tahumaero kia kaua ai te wai e rere. Ka tāwhai tēnei i tētahi aronga pai i waenganui i te māmā o te whakauru me te mahi tūpono i te wā roa. Ki te kōrero mō ngā utu, ko ngā momo paraihe e noho ana i te 40% iti ake i ngā kōpae āwhata e ai ki ngā raraunga mai i te Rōpū Waimoana i te tau ki muri. Mā te pēhea pea te pēhanga? Ko ngā kōpae totohu e mau ana i te 92% o te kounga, ā, ānoa i ngā pūnaha e neke ake ana i te 50 PSI e ai ki ngā kaimahi i ngā whakaurunga hou anoo.

Pēhea te Whakapānga o te Momo Hononga ki te Pēhanga Pūnaha me te Roa Ora

Ka taea e ngā hononga kōpiko te tiki pēhanga e rua ki te toru ngā wā ake i ngā mea kua whakauruhia, engari kia mataara noa kia kaua rawa kia tino whakapakarihia rānei, kia kaua hoki ngā minera hui tahi ki roto. Kua kitea e tātou ētahi raruraru pono ki tēnei take i te ao whaiaro. Ina whakauruhia ki ngā takotoranga oneone, ka āhua tuanui tonu ngā hononga whakakīki ngā wā e 98 ōrau o tō rātou tere māwheretoru tuatahi, āno he tauima i te 74 ōrau mō ngā putanga kōpiko e marere ana tino. I tētahi rangahau nā te USDA i te tau 2023 mō ēnei hononga ki ngā wāhi e hua ana te ruruhi, ā, ko āhua? I te iti ake pea te pakanga o ngā hononga kōpiko 23 ōrau i te iti ake i ngā hononga kōpiko. Heoi anō, kaua hoki te wareware ka hiahiatia ngā tirohanga arotake mō ngā tohu herehere ia tau, kia tiakina ai te whakapau pono i te wā roa.

Kupenga Whānui ki te Kupenga mō te Rahi: Ngā Tauānga i ngā Tāutu Nui

Ka taea e ngā kupenga whānui te whakahaere i te awhanga hākari kotahi mā whā o ngā tapa puipui, tēnei i te whakamātau kia iti ake te mea e pakari ana ngā kaihautū mō ō rātou papatipu puipui ā-whekau mā te 35%. Engari, mō ngā tīwai parareka tāpoi, ko ngā kupenga piri-mātātoko e mahi pai ake ana mō ngā rahinga takitahi, ā, e iti ake ana te rere wai 19% te nuinga o ngā tauira hou a 2024 mō te whai. Mā te whakamahi i ngā waahanga PVC e fit ana tika ki ngā ine puipui ka taea e ngā kaiwhakapai e hiahiatia ana he miriona kupenga te penapena i waenganui i te 60 ki te 80 haora ia tau i ngā mahi tiaki, ina tata ki te whakamahi kupenga whānui. He mea whai hua ina whakaaro koe ki ngā utu roa atu me te whakapono ki ngā tāutu nui.

Ngā Tūmanako Matua mō te Mahi a te Kupenga e Pā ana ki te Rangatira me te Uara

Te Ingoa Toharawa me te Manawaroa ki te Taiao: Te Whakawhitinga i te Kupenga ki ngā Tikanga Parapara

Mō ngā koupene hei whakahaere i ēnei piki haonga tōmuri, me āwhina i te 15 ki te 20 ōrau atu i te mea e rū ana te pūnaha arataki. I kite ngā tāngata i whakaoti i te Arotātanga Pūnaha Waimoana 2024 ko te haurua tekau mā rua (e 42% neke atu) o ngā wai rere iti katoa kei ngā pāti piti i ngā mara iti i āhua pā hea e ngā koupene i te hē i te tika. He mea hoki te rangi mō ngā matapae. Ko ngā kaiwhenua kei ngā rohe me te mārama nui me whiriwhiri pea mō te polietilene e pupahi ana i te mārama a te rā nā te mea e mau ai pai ake i raro i te mārama tūhono. Ko ngā wae takotoranga mātāpuna e roa ake ana i ngā wāhi e whakamahia ana ngā pāpaku kaha nā te mea e kore ai te parauri. Mēnā kei te kōrero mātou mo ngā āhuatanga o te mahana, ko ngā koupene i hoahoa hei mahi i waenganui i te 30 pāuna Fahrenheit paku nei me te 180 pāuna Fahrenheit ka whakaiti i ngā herenga roughly a third i ngā rohe e pīria ana te rangi i te tau, ā, kua tuhia tēnei ki tētahi panui mai i te Pukapuka Hiko Hiko Tauaho i te tau ki muri.

Ngā Wero o te Whakauru me te Tiaki i ngā Tahumaero Papai, neke atu rānei

Ka taea e ngā kaiwhenua te penapena i waenganui i te 8 ki te 12 meneti ia wā e hono ana rātou i ēnei hononga marino i te nuinga o ngā hikoikoi. He nui te wā e penapenaia ana ina mahi ana i runga i ngā whenua takotoranga papa rānei, i waho rānei i ngā wāhi roto, kei hea ia meneti e whai whakaaro ana. Ina hoko ana mō ēnei hononga, titiro ki ngā tauira e kore e hiahiatia ngā taputapu hei whakauru, pērā i ngā punaha totohe ki raro i tētahi pākihiwi e mōhiotia ana e tātou katoa. Tirohia anō hoki ngā tohu karawhiti mō ngā wāhi urutia e ngā o ringa kua tae ake, ā, kia pono ki ngā mea e taea ai e ngā kaiwhenua te whakakapi i ngā poka herehere ki te mara anake, kaua e hoko i tētahi huinga hou katoa. E ai ki tētahi rangahau hou mai i te USDA i te 2023, i te nuinga o ngā mara kua huri ki ēnei momo hononga, ka pau tā rātou moni i te 19% iti ake mō ngā whakatika i te tau.

Te Tauwā o Te Moni ki te Oranga o ngā Hononga Whakamahia Anō ki ngā Hononga Kāore e Taea te Whakakapi

Ko ngā herenga kaupapa anuanu hui tata e utu ana mō rātou ko ia 18–24 marama ki ngā wāhi hikoi nui, engari he iti ake te uara moni mō ngā whakaurunga wā-tau.

He tino mōrearea, tērā pea he aronga poto ngā Herenga Nui Ake?

Ina whakamahia ngā koupene e 0.25 mita te nui ake i te rahi o te pīpoi, he iti noa te hekenga o te tere o te karuwha, pea pea 9%, engari kei reira anō te utu. I te roanga, āhua raru ngā hononga nui nei. E toru ngā wā atu te tere ake o te hui o ngā paru ina heke te kaha o te karuwha i roto i ngā pīpoi. Heoi anō, e 17% ake te tūponotanga o ngā rerekaru, tāera hoki ka wareware ngā tohu karaihe ki te wehi i ngā tahumaero katoa e pā ana ki a rātou. Mō ngā whakatika marie anake, e whakaaetia ana e te Aratohu Mahi Koupene Maroke kia 0.125 mita te nui ake o ngā huinga karaihe mātāpapa. Engari me mahara ko te aha te kupu o te aratohu tūarēo i taua tohutohu: me whakakapi ake ēnei whakaratonga tāpiripiri i roto i ngā toru marama, kaua ake.

Te Whakapau Tūpuna Mo Te Rerekētanga O Ngā Koupene Me Ngā Pīpoi

Me Pēhea Te Rahi E Hua Ai Ki Ngā Rerekaru Me Ngā Rahinga Pūnaha

Ina kore ngā kōpae e ū ana tika ki ngā pīpoi, ka taraweti te toki i te pūnaha, ka piki ake te wareware ki ngā wāhanga. Hei tauira ina huinga tētahi kōpae 1.5 ineti ki tētahi rārangi pīpoi 2 ineti. Ka pakaru te wai ki ngā wāhanga iti ake, ā, ka hua ngā raru katoa e pā ana ki te arerua. I ētahi rangahau mai i te Pukapuka Whakapa Mārau a te tau 2023 i kīia ko te kore-ūranga e taea ana te piki ake i te 40% i ngā rārangi arerua. Ka tipu te pānga i te wā, ka pāngia ai ngā huinga paraihearai polietilene, ka wareware haere rātou, ā, ka hua he pātata tonu. Ko ngā kainoho kua pā ki ēnei raru e kōrero ana i ngā kōrero tino rite. Kua kite rātou i ā rātou rōpū tiaki whakahaere e karapotia ana anō anō, heoi anō te 63% ake pea ina tētahi haurua ineti noa te rerekētanga i waenganui i te rahi o te kōpae me te tōwā o te pīpoi. Ka tipu tino mā te moni me te wā kua ngaro i te wā o te whakatika.

Ngā Tikanga Pai Mō Te Whakamātau I Te Kaha O Te Kōpae I Muri I Te Whakauru

Kāore ngā pakanga utu nui i waenganui o te wā, mēnā ka whakamahia te whakamātau i muri i te whakauru:

1. Tīmata whakamātautau pēhanga ki te 1.5x te PSI mahi mō te 30 meneti, me te tirotiro mō ngā wai e tawhiti ana
2. Whakamātau i ngā kona herehere pou riu ki ngā taputapu laser—me whakarerekē anō mēnā he nui ake i te 3° te herenga
3. Tirotiro ngā wāhi honoapuapu ia wiki i te wā o te whakamahi nui kia kitea noa ngā wai e rere ana

I whakaatu ngā rangahau tiaki whakahaere e whakamahia ana ngā tikanga here i te laser ko ngā koupua i herea tika e toru tekau mā whitu ōrite te roa o ngā koupua i herea kino i ngā takotoranga oneone.

Mōhiohio Raraunga: He 37% Iti Ake te Mate Wai e pa ana ki ngā Koupua i Tīa Tika ai te USDA

I kitea e te Tari o ngā Tari o Amerika (USDA) i tana Rangahau 2023 mō te Uara Whakapau Wai kua iti ake te mate wai mā te 12,000 galon ia akera ia tau mēnā ka whakakōtahi koupua-pou riu kua whakarāranga. I anga ngā pāmu i whakamahi koupua parahi kua tīa tika me ngā pou riu PVC Schedule 40:

Ko ēnei hua e whakaatu ana i te aha o te tukutahi tika e āwhina ana i te rahi tika – ēnei rua ngā kāwai taketake o te hoahoa mātai, uaua hoki mō te wai.

FAQ

He aha te mahi matua o te kowhiri i ngā punaha mātai?

Ko te kowhiri e hono ana i ētahi whatunga rua, nekeneke rānei i roto i tētahi punaha mātai, ka whakarite kia kore e rere te wai, ka pai te rere o te wai i runga i ngā wāhi hono.

Hei aha e hiahiatia ana kia ōrite te rahi o te kowhiri me te tīrara o te whatunga?

Ka whakarite te ōritenga i te rahi o te kowhiri me te tīrara o te whatunga kia pai te rere o te wai, kia kore ai e rere, ka iti ake te mōrearea o te wai.

He aha ngā matapae e whakamahia ana mō ngā kowhiri mātai?

Ko ngā matapae noa mō ngā kowhiri mātai ko te PVC, te polietilene, me te parawera, kei reira i ia reta mō ngā tikanga me ngā whakamahinga motuhake.

Me pēhea koe e whakamātai ana i ngā tōpene pīpoi mō te ōrite ki te kowhiri?

Whakamahia ngā kāliper hei whakamātai i te tōpene tāwāhi, me tētahi tape maroke mō te tōpene wāhi, whakarounda ki te 1/16" e pātata ana, ka tautauhia te nekenga māmā.

He aha te vantex o te whakamahi i ngā kowhiri panonitanga tere?

Kua whakaaetia e ngā kowhiri panonitanga tere te hononga kore taputapu, e hāngai ana ki ētahi momo rahi pīpoi, ā, ka penapena i te wā whakauru.